Hyperthyroidism, also known as overactive thyroid, is a condition where the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones. These hormones regulate the body's metabolism, influencing how fast or slow our organs and systems function. Hyperthyroidism can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications if left untreated. This blog will explore the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for hyperthyroidism.
The thyroid gland, located at the front of the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by releasing thyroid hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland becomes overactive, releasing too much of these hormones into the bloodstream, which accelerates the body's metabolism.
An autoimmune disorder and the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It leads to the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Lumps in the thyroid that can become overactive and produce excessive hormones.
Inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can cause temporary hyperthyroidism.
Consuming too much iodine can lead to an overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Certain medications, such as amiodarone, can cause hyperthyroidism.
Diagnosing hyperthyroidism involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests:
Radioactive iodine is taken orally and absorbed by the thyroid gland, where it destroys overactive thyroid cells. This treatment often leads to hypothyroidism, which is easier to manage with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) may be necessary in cases where other treatments are ineffective or contraindicated. Post-surgery, patients will need lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
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