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Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a type of pelvic floor disorder. The pelvic floor includes the muscles, ligaments, and tissues that support your pelvic organs such as the vagina, uterus, bladder, and rectum. When the supporting structures weaken, one or more of the pelvic organs tend to descend into the vaginal space. It may appear as a bulge in the vaginal region. This condition is known as pelvic organ prolapse.
Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when one of the pelvic organs starts drooping or prolapsing into the vaginal space. When the structures that support the pelvic organs become loose or if they sustain any damage, these organs tend to shift out of place and descend down into the vaginal space. In severe cases of prolapse, these organs are seen protruding from the vagina as a bulge. Pelvic organ prolapse is often accompanied by urine or fecal incontinence (ie, involuntary loss of urine or unintentional passage of stool). There are different types of organ prolapse.
The severity of pelvic organ prolapse is often graded based on the extent of descent and the impact on surrounding structures. The classification system includes stages from I to IV, with higher stages indicating more severe prolapse.
A pelvic organ prolapse is a result of enhanced pressure in the abdomen, which can be due to any of the following causes:
It's important to note that several factors can interact, and an individual may have multiple contributing factors. Additionally, not all women with risk factors will develop pelvic organ prolapse, and some women without apparent risk factors may experience it.
The symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can vary depending on the specific organs involved and the severity of the prolapse. Common symptoms may include:
It's important to note that not everyone with pelvic organ prolapse experiences symptoms, and the severity of symptoms can vary. Additionally, symptoms may worsen with activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as lifting heavy objects or straining during bowel movements.
As the first step, your doctor will take your medical history and examine your pelvic organs. This may be all required for a diagnosis.
Tests may be suggested if s/he suspects a prolapse. There can be prolapse of more than one organ. Also, the doctor will need to find out the severity and the presence of any other related conditions. The tests include:
Treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) depends on the severity of symptoms, the specific organs involved, and the impact on an individual's quality of life. Treatment options can range from conservative measures to surgical intervention. Here are some common approaches:
It's important for individuals experiencing symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse to consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation.
Following preventive measures will help you stay away from developing a pelvic organ prolapse:
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