Know All About Incisional Hernia Surgery in Gurgaon

A hernia is a medical condition that occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot or opening in the surrounding muscle or tissue that usually holds it in place. The most common type of hernia occurs in the abdominal area, but hernias can also occur in other parts of the body, such as the groin, upper thigh, and even the belly button. Hernias can be caused by a variety of factors, including a congenital defect, muscle weakness due to aging or injury, and heavy lifting or straining. Here, let’s understand more about incisional hernia, which is one of the types of hernia.

An incisional hernia is a type of hernia that occurs at the site of a previous surgical incision. It is characterized by a protrusion of abdominal tissue or organs through the weakened or damaged abdominal wall. This can cause discomfort, pain, and, in some cases, life-threatening complications.

Incisional hernias can occur after any type of surgery that involves an incision in the abdominal wall. Still, they are more common after open abdominal surgeries, such as an appendectomy, gallbladder removal, or cesarean section. They can also occur after laparoscopic surgeries, although this is less common.

There are several types of incisional hernias, which are classified based on their location and size. The most common types of incisional hernias include:

Midline incisional hernia: This type of hernia occurs along the midline of the abdomen, typically at the site of a previous surgical incision. Midline incisional hernias are the most common type of incisional hernia.

Parastomal hernia: This type of hernia occurs near a stoma, which is a surgically created opening in the abdomen for the purpose of diverting bodily waste. Parastomal hernias are more common in people who have had a colostomy or ileostomy.

Ventral hernia: This type of hernia occurs anywhere on the anterior abdominal wall, outside the midline, and can be caused by previous surgical incisions or other factors that weaken the abdominal wall, such as obesity or pregnancy
 

Transverse incisional hernia: This type of hernia occurs along transverse (horizontal) surgical incisions, such as those used in abdominal surgeries to remove the gallbladder or spleen.

Oblique incisional hernia: This type of hernia occurs along an oblique (diagonal) surgical incision, such as those used in surgeries to repair a hernia or remove an ovarian cyst.

In addition to a noticeable bulge, incisional hernias may also result in

?    Vomiting and Sickness

?    Fever

?    Burning or aching near the hernia

?    Pain and discomfort in the abdomen, especially near the hernia

?    A faster-than-normal heartbeat

?    Diarrhoea

?    Thin stool

A person is more likely to develop an incisional hernia if they engage in premature physical activity following surgery, put on a lot of weight, get pregnant, or put pressure on their abdomen before the incision has completely healed. Although they can arise at any moment, incisional hernias are most likely to develop three to six months after surgery.

By allowing yourself the proper length of time to recover from abdominal surgery, you can help reduce your risk of developing a hernia.

?       Infected Wounds

?       Existing health issues, such as diabetes, kidney failure, or lung illness

?       Obesity

?       Smoking

An incisional hernia is typically diagnosed through a combination of a physical examination and medical imaging tests. Here are the steps involved in diagnosing an incisional hernia:

• Physical examination: During a physical examination, the healthcare provider will examine factors, where the hernia is suspected to be located. They will check for a bulge or swelling in the area and may ask the patient to cough or strain to see if the hernia becomes more apparent.
• Medical history: The healthcare provider will ask about the patient's medical history, including any previous surgeries or medical conditions that may increase the risk of hernias.
• Imaging tests: Medical imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the size and location of the hernia.

Your doctor will determine specific treatment for an incisional hernia based on multiple factors, such as your general health, anatomy, extent, and location of the hernia, as well as your desired level of future physical activity. 

Open hernia repair

The surgeon performs this surgical operation, also referred to as a herniorrhaphy, by making an incision in the stomach above the hernia, pulling any intestine that protrudes back into the abdomen, and then closing the gap in the muscular wall. The weak area may occasionally be mended and strengthened with steel mesh or wire under a procedure known as hernioplasty.

Laparoscopy 

In the lower abdomen, the surgeon makes a couple of incisions during this minimally invasive surgical procedure. The surgeon first inserts a laparoscope—a tube-like device with a camera inside—into one of the incisions. The surgeon uses a large monitor that displays internal images to direct the placement of tiny instruments inserted through additional incisions to repair the hernia. The surgeon may also connect a mesh to the abdominal wall to reinforce it after treating the hernia and abdominal wall damage.

Preventing an incisional hernia from recurring involves a combination of lifestyle changes and surgical techniques. Here are some ways to prevent an incisional hernia from recurring:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is a risk factor for hernias, so maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help reduce the risk of developing a hernia and prevent a recurrence.
• Quit smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of hernias and delay healing after surgery, so quitting smoking is important for preventing recurrence.
• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities: Activities that put a strain on the abdominal muscles, such as heavy lifting and vigorous exercise, can increase the risk of hernias and may cause recurrence.
• Follow postoperative instructions: Following the surgeon's postoperative instructions, such as avoiding certain activities and wearing a supportive garment, can help prevent a recurrence.
• Manage underlying medical conditions: Medical conditions such as diabetes and connective tissue disorders can increase the risk of hernias, so managing these conditions can help prevent a recurrence.

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