Vaginal Atrophy

What is Vaginal Atrophy?

Vaginal atrophy is a condition in which the vaginal walls thin, dry or have inflammation from the deficiency of estrogen.

Vaginal atrophy is usually seen in women after menopause.

What is Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)?

Women with vaginal atrophy usually have distressing urinary symptoms as well as painful intercourse and therefore these symptoms are termed by doctors as "Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM). 

What are the symptoms of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause?

• Vaginal dryness

• Vaginal burning

• Vaginal discharge

• Genital burning with urination

• Itching

• Frequent urination with urgency

• Light bleeding after intercourse

• Shortening and tightening of the vaginal canal.

• Decreased vaginal lubrication during sexual activity

• Discomfort with intercourse

• Recurring urinary tract infections

• Urinary incontinence

What are the Causes of Vaginal Atrophy?

GSM is caused by estrogen deficiency and the drop in estrogen could be a because-

• Menopause

• Perimenopause- on the edge of menopause.

• Surgical menopause is a result of the removal of ovaries.

• During breast-feeding.

• Birth control pills that can restrict estrogen formation.

• Cancer radiation therapy of the pelvic region.

• Chemotherapy

• Hormonal treatment of breast cancer.

What are Risks of Vaginal Atrophy?

GSM is not common in all women, but a few conditions lead to it like -

• Smoking - Smoking reduces oxygen supply in the bloodstream and also to the vagina. It also reduces the estrogen level in the body.

• C-Section births – Researches have observed that women who have not given vaginal births are at risk of vaginal atrophy.

• No sexual activity - No sexual activity decreases blood flow and makes your vaginal tissues more rigid.

What are the Complications of Vaginal Atrophy?

• Vaginal infections. 

• Changes in the acid balance of your vagina causing vaginal infections.

• Urinary problems. 

Some women might experience increased frequency or urgency of urination as well as burning sensation during urination.

While some may get a urinary infection or incontinence (urine leakage).